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The Nikon NASA F4 Electronic Still Camera was one of the first and rarest fully digital cameras with development started in 1987.〔 While Nikon delivered a modified Nikon F4 body, most of the electronics for the digital camera and housings were designed and built by NASA at the Johnson Space Center and other suppliers. It was first flown in September 1991 on board the Space Shuttle Discovery, mission STS-48.〔〔(NASA F4 Electronic Still Camera ) Nikonweb〕 Later the cameras were flown on several other Shuttle missions〔(Space Shuttle Launches ) NASA〕 including STS-44, 45, 42, 49, 53,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SPACE SHUTTLE MISSION STS-53 PRESS KIT )〕 56〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SPACE SHUTTLE MISSION STS-56 PRESS KIT )〕 and 61.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SPACE SHUTTLE MISSION STS-61 PRESS KIT )〕 Although the camera was often used alone mounted with its Electronics Box, the HERCULES system〔(HERCULES - a Joint Army-NAVY-NASA experiment on the space Shuttle (1985-1995): Status ) Mac〕〔(Sky Camera Maps Targets: HERCULES ) Popular Mechanics Sep 1993〕 was built around it: Hand-held Earth-oriented Real-time Cooperative, User-friendly, Location, targeting, and Environmental System.〔(Application of Space Shuttle Project HERCULES imagery in the investigation of ship cloud tracks ) Whitmeyer〕 It includes one of the first laptops in space〔(Additional information on the NASA F4 in NHS issue 95. The F4 from flight STS-053. ) Nikon Historical Society〕 mounted atop the Playback-Downlink Unit (PDU) and the kit also included the HERCULES Attitude Processor (HAP, a gyroscope based geolocation processor with initialization through star alignment shot with Nikon NASA F4 and additionally GPS data, giving up to 0.005 degrees per hour precision〔(HERCULES attitude processor: gyro data processing system for real-time geolocation of images captured by astronauts )〕), Electronic Still Camera (ESC) Electronics Box (ESCEB) including removable imagery data storage disks, NRL HERCULES Inertial Measurement Unit (HIMU) with the three-axis Honeywell ring laser gyroscope, DA-20 action finder, a night vision image intensifier as well as assorted lenses and cables. It was flown on the STS-53 and 56 mission and was succeeded by the HERCULES-B.〔(STS-70 Press Kit ) NASA〕 ==History== Nikon has been a supplier of space (EVA) capable cameras〔(How Does NASA Get a Nikon D2Xs DSLR Ready to Go to Space? ) Popphoto.com〕 for the NASA since 1971, when they delivered a modified Nikon F SLR Photomic FTN camera〔(Nikon Photomic FTN ) Nikon〕〔(Nikon F - Nikon FTn Meter Finder/Prisms ) Mir〕 with center-weighted TTL metering system,〔(Nikon cameras and NASA ) TATENO, Yokoyuki, Apphotnum〕 which was first used on the Apollo 15 mission.〔(Special titanium Nikon cameras and NASA cameras ) Nikon〕 In 1973, a newer modified version of the Nikon F with a motor drive was delivered for use in Skylab. In 1980〔(Corporate History ) Nikon〕 and 1989, Nikon delivered modified, space capable F3〔(Nikon F3 NASA 250 ) Mir.com〕 (big and small version) respectively F4 cameras to NASA, which were used in the Space Shuttle. Nikon's first digital camera (still video camera, with analog storage) was the Nikon Still Video Camera (SVC) Model 1, a prototype which was first presented at photokina 1986.〔(Additional information on Nikon Video Still Camera Model 1 & Nikon QV-1000C Still Video Camera ) MIR〕〔(Nikon Still Video Camera (prototype) ) Nikonweb〕 The follower Nikon QV-1000C Still Video Camera was produced since 1988 mainly for professional press use.〔(Nikon QV-1000C? Never heard of it. ) Nikonweb〕 Both cameras used QV mount lenses, a variant of Nikon F-mount lenses. Via an adapter (QM-100) other F-mount lenses can be fitted. The NASA Electronic Still Camera / Nikon NASA F4 was followed by the NASA-used Nikon-based Kodak DCS 460, DCS 660 and DCS 760, Nikon D1, D2X, D2Xs, D3, D3X and the D3S. The Nikon F-mount is the only 35mm SLR or DSLR lens mount ever used by NASA.〔(Cameras Used on the ISS and Shuttle Missions by NASA astronauts to photograph Earth ) NASA〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nikon NASA F4」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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